White Papers

Background Papers

Sustainability and the WTO Trading System — James Bacchus

Talloires — Trade and Climate Workshop

Trade and Renewable Energy Subsidies — Elena Cima

Internalizing Climate Externalities from Internationally Traded Goods: Challenges and Way Forward to Border Carbon Adjustment Mechanisms — Goran Dominioni and Alessandro Monti

Remaking the World Trade Organization: Environmental Goods — Maureen Hinman

Fossil Fuel Subsidies: Challenges for the International Trading System — Ronald Steenblik

Towards a Multilateral Climate Club? — Geraldo Vidigal

Villars — Digital Innovation, Technology, and Trade Workshop

Business Perspectives on How Trade and Digitalization Can Align to Accelerate Sustainable Outcomes — Jon Powell

Revolutionizing Global Trade and Development Through Digital Technologies — Stephen Ezell and Stefan Koester

E-commerce and Sustainability: An Overlooked Nexus — Victor do Prado and Yanis M. Bourgeois

Digitization, Regulatory Barriers, and Sustainable Development — Mira Burri and Kholofelo Kugler

Out of the Factory and into the Back Office: Globotics for Sustainable Development — Richard Balwin and Dmitry Grozoubinski

Digitech, Sustainable Development and Trade Rules to Bridge the Digital Divide — Simon Lacey

Blockchain for Sustainable Supply Chains — Emmanuelle Ganne

Taormina, Sicily — Circular Economy Workshop

Remaking Trade: Waste, Circular Economy, and Trade — Kimberley Botwright, Dominic Coppens, Nicolas J.S. Lockhart

Overcoming the Circularity Divide: Towards a Circular Trade and Apparel Industry in Africa — Colette van der Ven

Product Design and Circular Value Chains: Understanding Essential Component of Circular Commercial Metabolism — Henrique Pacini, Lorenzo Formenti, Glen Wilson

Circular Economy and Competitiveness: Businesses’ On-the Ground Reality — Shunta Yamaguchi

Trade Facilitation for Reverse Supply Chains — Maureen Hinman, Adina Renee Adler

Barbados — Shifting the Paradigm for a Just Transition and Sustainable Development Workshop

Climate Technology Diffusion and Transfer in the International Trade System — Silvia Weko, Andreas Goldthau and Rainer Quitzow

Paradigm Shift: A New Era for Trade, Sustainability, and Development — Thomas Hale and Kennedy Mbeva

Aligning climate, trade and development through cross-cutting frameworks — Max Gruenig, Eunjung Lee, and Ignacio Arroniz Velasco, E3G

Capital Availability or Capital Absorption? Unlocking Financing for Sovereign and Private Sector Trade-related Finance for Sustainable Climate Action in the Global South — Jake Cusack, Marilia dos Reis Martins, and Kate Wharton

Carbon Markets: Leveraging the Interface between Climate Policy and Trade Policy to secure Climate Finance for Small Island Developing States — Clara Brandi and Jodie Keane

Green Industrial Policy and International Trade — Ilaria Espa

An Upstream Carbon Tax at the Wellhead in Guyana — Thomas B. Singh

Global Trade Can — and Should — Drive Equitable and Sustainable Development, Benefiting All — Presentation by Carlijn Nouwen, Climate Action Platform Africa (CAP-A)

Environmental Authoritarianism: Lessons from China’s Climate Change Mitigation — Henry Gao

Copenhagen — Trade and Shipping: Toward a Sustainable Transport Future Workshop

The WTO and the Decarbonization of International Shipping: How Can the WTOSupport the Equitable Energy Transition? — Goran Dominioni

Shipping through the Arctic: Sustainability and Trade Challenges — Stella A. Ebbersmeyer

Regional Actors and Trade: The inclusion of shipping in the EU ETS — Aixa Pérez, Beatriz Martínez Romera, and Bernardo Busel Niedmann

Pathways to Net-Zero Emissions Transport — Tristan Smith

Border Carbon Adjustment in Shipping — Viktor Weber, Daniel C. Esty, and Beatriz Martinez Romera

Talloires — Ensuring Trade Contributes to Sustainable Food and Agriculture

Insights from the WTO Trade Dialogues on Food and Outreach to the Agri-Food Business Sector — Doaa Abdel-Motaal

Food Security and the Agreement on Agriculture: Old Wine in New Bottles? — Sophia Murphy and Calvin Manduna

Global Agri-Business and Sustainable Food Systems — Stefano Rettore

Reforming and Repurposing Agricultural Subsidies to Facilitate Trade and Sustainability — Carmel Cahill

WTO Domestic Support Negotiations and Agricultural Sustainability: Issues and Concerns — Sachin Kumar Sharma

Food Security for a Sustainable Future — James Nedumpara

The Potential of Trade Policy to Enhance Sustainable Farm Productivity — Valeria Piñeiro and Joseph Glauber

The Role of Trade in Mitigating Harmful Environmental Impacts of Global food and Land Use Systems — Elizabeth Petykowski, Talia Smith, Morgan Gillespy, and Alessia Mortara

Standards and Regulations to Foster Sustainable Agriculture: Proposals to Rebalance the Global Trading System — Rodrigo C. A. Lima

Sustainable Agricultural Production Standards and Traded Goods Sustainability Certifications, Including the Effects on Small Holders — Jason Clay

Geneva — Oceans and Blue Economy Workshop

Fisheries Subsidies, the WTO, and Sustainability — Mustaqeem De Gama

The Tides are Turning: Does the Ocean Hold the Key for a New Blue Deal? — Nikola Simpson

The Relevance of Trade and Trade Policies for Plastic Pollution — Carolyn Deere Birkbeck and Mahesh Sugathan

Ocean Health and Trade — Lahsen Ababouch and David Vivas Eugui

Promoting Sustainable Ocean Transportation — Tristan Smith

The Tides are Turning – Does the Ocean Hold the Key for a New Blue Deal? — Nikola Simpson

Mexico City — Trade and the Social Dimension of Sustainability

Sustainable Development and Poverty Alleviation: Towards Assessing and Equitably Allocating the Sustainable Development Costs of Trade Agreements — Sonia E. Rolland

Trade and Labour Standards: Sustaining Social Regionalism through Multilateralism — Adelle Blackett

Trade Law on the Factory Floor: Increased Firm-Centrism in Social Sustainability Trade Tools — Kathleen Claussen

International Trade Policy: A Blessing or a Curse for Women? — Amrita Bahri and Katrin Kuhlmann

Globalization, Workers, and Inequality in Developing Economies — Nita Rudra

The WTO and Public Health: Lessons from COVID-19 Vaccines — Chad P. Bown

Indigenous Peoples and . . . International Trade — Sergio Puig and Andrew Shepherd

Delhi — Steel Decarbonization in India

Deep Decarbonization Ambition and Equity: A case study of the steel sector in India in the context of the EU’s CBAM and Other International Developments — Kasturi Das and Kaushik Ranjan Bandyopadhyay